日期: 2014-04-14
分类: ['linux-admin']
I need an authentication system with compatibility and many extended features(like bio-device). So, I've got AD, IPA and OpenLDAP to choose from. AD comes from MS and it is too "heavy" for the not-very-large system. IPA and OpenLDAP are almost same, but I prefer latter, since it's compatible with oVirt(This why I choose CentOS rather than debian).
The simplest OpenLDAP server
A basic LDAP without any security or additional features.
OpenLDAP with SASL
Add SASL to our LDAP.
OpenLDAP with SAMBA
To add Windows PC to our domain.
OpenLDAP with Kerberos
This is what we want finally. ============================================================
1. The simplest OpenLDAP server
I've got 2 ways to setup an openldap server: 389-ds script and manually configure.
1.1 Using 389-ds script
Preparation
Before setup, this configuration should be modified. Add following:
192.168.1.80 ldap.lofyer.org
Add following:
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 fs.file-max = 64000
Add following:
* soft nofile 8192 * hard nofile 8192
Add following:
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
Then reboot the machine to make above configurations work.
Setup 389-ds
# useradd ldapadmin
passwd ldapadmin
yum install -y 389-ds openldap-clients
setup-ds-admin.pl
Then you'll see some questions like this(sorry for the high-lighting...):
============================================================================== This program will set up the 389 Directory and Administration Servers.
It is recommended that you have "root" privilege to set up the software. Tips for using this program: - Press "Enter" to choose the default and go to the next screen - Type "Control-B" then "Enter" to go back to the previous screen - Type "Control-C" to cancel the setup program
Would you like to continue with set up? [yes]: ## Press Enter ##
============================================================================== Your system has been scanned for potential problems, missing patches, etc. The following output is a report of the items found that need to be addressed before running this software in a production environment.
389 Directory Server system tuning analysis version 23-FEBRUARY-2012.
NOTICE : System is i686-unknown-linux2.6.32-431.el6.i686 (1 processor).
WARNING: 622MB of physical memory is available on the system. 1024MB is recommended for best performance on large production system.
WARNING : The warning messages above should be reviewed before proceeding.
Would you like to continue? [no]: yes ## Type Yes and Press Enter ##
============================================================================== Choose a setup type: 1. Express Allows you to quickly set up the servers using the most common options and pre-defined defaults. Useful for quick evaluation of the products. 2. Typical Allows you to specify common defaults and options. 3. Custom Allows you to specify more advanced options. This is recommended for experienced server administrators only. To accept the default shown in brackets, press the Enter key.
Choose a setup type [2]: ## Press Enter ##
============================================================================== Enter the fully qualified domain name of the computer on which you're setting up server software. Using the form . Example: eros.example.com.
To accept the default shown in brackets, press the Enter key.
Warning: This step may take a few minutes if your DNS servers can not be reached or if DNS is not configured correctly. If you would rather not wait, hit Ctrl-C and run this program again with the following command line option to specify the hostname:
1 | |
Computer name [ldap.lofyer.org]: ## Press Enter ##
============================================================================== he servers must run as a specific user in a specific group. It is strongly recommended that this user should have no privileges on the computer (i.e. a non-root user). The setup procedure will give this user/group some permissions in specific paths/files to perform server-specific operations.
If you have not yet created a user and group for the servers, create this user and group using your native operating system utilities.
System User [nobody]: ldapadmin ## Enter LDAP user name created above # System Group [nobody]: ldapadmin
============================================================================== Server information is stored in the configuration directory server. This information is used by the console and administration server to configure and manage your servers. If you have already set up a configuration directory server, you should register any servers you set up or create with the configuration server. To do so, the following information about the configuration server is required: the fully qualified host name of the form .(e.g. hostname.example.com), the port number (default 389), the suffix, the DN and password of a user having permission to write the configuration information, usually the configuration directory administrator, and if you are using security (TLS/SSL). If you are using TLS/SSL, specify the TLS/SSL (LDAPS) port number (default 636) instead of the regular LDAP port number, and provide the CA certificate (in PEM/ASCII format).
If you do not yet have a configuration directory server, enter 'No' to be prompted to set up one. Do you want to register this software with an existing configuration directory server? [no]: ## Press Enter ##
============================================================================== Please enter the administrator ID for the configuration directory server. This is the ID typically used to log in to the console. You will also be prompted for the password. Configuration directory server administrator ID [admin]: ## Press Enter ## Password: ## create password ## Password (confirm): ## re-type password ##
============================================================================== The information stored in the configuration directory server can be separated into different Administration Domains. If you are managing multiple software releases at the same time, or managing information about multiple domains, you may use the Administration Domain to keep them separate.
If you are not using administrative domains, press Enter to select the default. Otherwise, enter some descriptive, unique name for the administration domain, such as the name of the organization responsible for managing the domain.
Administration Domain [lofyer.org]: ## Press Enter ##
============================================================================== The standard directory server network port number is 389. However, if you are not logged as the superuser, or port 389 is in use, the default value will be a random unused port number greater than 1024. If you want to use port 389, make sure that you are logged in as the superuser, that port 389 is not in use. Directory server network port [389]: ## Press Enter ##
============================================================================== Each instance of a directory server requires a unique identifier. This identifier is used to name the various instance specific files and directories in the file system, as well as for other uses as a server instance identifier.
Directory server identifier [server]: ## Press Enter ##
============================================================================== The suffix is the root of your directory tree. The suffix must be a valid DN. It is recommended that you use the dc=domaincomponent suffix convention. For example, if your domain is example.com, you should use dc=example,dc=com for your suffix. Setup will create this initial suffix for you, but you may have more than one suffix. Use the directory server utilities to create additional suffixes.
Suffix [dc=lofyer, dc=org]: ## Press Enter ##
=============================================================================
Certain directory server operations require an administrative user. This user is referred to as the Directory Manager and typically has a bind Distinguished Name (DN) of cn=Directory Manager. You will also be prompted for the password for this user. The password must be at least 8 characters long, and contain no spaces. Press Control-B or type the word "back", then Enter to back up and start over. Directory Manager DN [cn=Directory Manager]: ## Press Enter ## Password: ## Enter the password ## Password (confirm):
============================================================================== The Administration Server is separate from any of your web or application servers since it listens to a different port and access to it is restricted.
Pick a port number between 1024 and 65535 to run your Administration Server on. You should NOT use a port number which you plan to run a web or application server on, rather, select a number which you will remember and which will not be used for anything else. Administration port [9830]: ## Press Enter ##
============================================================================== The interactive phase is complete. The script will now set up your servers. Enter No or go Back if you want to change something.
Are you ready to set up your servers? [yes]: ## Press Enter ## Creating directory server . . . Your new DS instance 'server' was successfully created. Creating the configuration directory server . . . Beginning Admin Server creation . . . Creating Admin Server files and directories . . . Updating adm.conf . . . Updating admpw . . . Registering admin server with the configuration directory server . . . Updating adm.conf with information from configuration directory server . . . Updating the configuration for the httpd engine . . . Starting admin server . . . output: Starting dirsrv-admin: output: [ OK ] The admin server was successfully started. Admin server was successfully created, configured, and started. Exiting . . . Log file is '/tmp/setupo1AlDy.log'
Then make these two services start on startup.
# chkconfig dirsrv on
chkconfig dirsrv-admin on
With 389-ds scripts, you could use 389-console, please refer to the link above.
1.2 Manually configure
Install the packages
# yum install openldap{,-clients,-servers}
Change the configuration
/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn\=config.ldif Delete olcAllows: bind_v2 if you want only v3. Modify olcIdleTimeout from 0 to 30 if you want close the idle connection for more than 30 seconds.
Before next step, run this command to generate a SHA encrypted password.
# slappasswd New password: Re-enter new password: {SSHA}aW7TYJ3faz13RKsnr3uiCsbgi55RKhW9
Then copy the output to your clipboard.
/etc/openldap/slapd.d/cn\=config/olcDatabase\=\{2\}bdb.ldif Modify olcSuffix, RootDN, olcRootPW to this:
... olcSuffix: dc=lofyer, dc=org olcRootPW: {SSHA}aW7TYJ3faz13RKsnr3uiCsbgi55RKhW9 RootDN: cn=admin, dc=lofyer, dc=org ...
Start service
# service slapd start
chkconfig slpad on
Add rootdn and groups
dn: dc=lofyer,dc=org objectclass: dcObject objectclass: organization o: Lofyer Org dc: lofyer
dn: ou=People,dc=lofyer,dc=org objectClass: organizationalUnit objectClass: top ou: People
dn: ou=Groups,dc=lofyer,dc=org objectClass: organizationalUnit objectClass: top
ou: Groups dn: cn=admin,dc=lofyer,dc=org objectclass: organizationalRole cn: admin
Import the ldif:
# ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=lofyer,dc=org" -W -f /etc/openldap/schema/lofyer.org.ldif
ldapsearch -x -b 'dc=lofyer,dc=org' '(objectclass=*)'
Create a user
Add following content to user.ldif
dn: uid=demo,ou=People,dc=lofyer,dc=org objectclass: top objectclass: person objectclass: inetOrgPerson objectclass: organizationalPerson uid: demo cn: demo sn: demo givenName: demo
Provide a password:
# ldapadd -x -W -D "cn=admin,dc=lofyer,dc=org" -f user.ldif New password: Re-enter new password: Enter LDAP Password:
Add or delete a member from group(myteam)
Add: dn: cn=myteam,ou=Groups,dc=lofyer,dc=org changetype: modify add: member member: uid=user1,ou=People,dc=lofyer,dc=org
# ldapmodify -x -D "cn=admin,dc=lofyer,dc=org" -W -f add.ldif
Delete:
dn: cn=myteam,ou=Groups,dc=lofyer,dc=org changetype: modify delete: member member: uid=user1,ou=People,dc=lofyer,dc=org
# ldapmodify -x -D "cn=admin,dc=lofyer,dc=org" -W -f delete.ldif
Use TSL
(NOT NECESSARY)Generate CA
Follow this script.
!/bin/bash
Change to the directory and clear out the old certs
cd /etc/openldap/certs rm -rf *
This echo statement is actually putting the word “password” (without the quotes) in a temporary password file to help
automate the process. This will be the password for your certificate. Change this as appropriate
echo "mypassword" > /etc/openldap/certs/password export PATH=/usr/bin/:$PATH echo falkdjfdajkasdndwndoqndwapqmhfaksj >> noise.txt
Associate the password with the certificates which will be generated in the current directory
certutil -N -d . -f /etc/openldap/certs/password certutil -G -d . -z noise.txt -f /etc/openldap/certs/password
Generate a CA certificate for the 389 server
certutil -S -n "CA certificate" -s "cn=CACert" -x -t "CT,," -m 1000 -v 120 -d . -z /etc/openldap/certs/noise.txt -f /etc/openldap/certs/password
anwsers are Y, , Y
This builds the server cert
certutil -S -n "OpenLDAP Server" -s "cn=ldap.lofyer.org" -c "CA certificate" -t "u,u,u" -m 1001 -v 120 -d . -z /etc/openldap/certs/noise.txt -f /etc/openldap/certs/password
This exports the cacert in case you need it
pk12util -d . -o cacert.p12 -n "CA certificate"
This exports the server-cert which you will need on the windows AD
pk12util -d . -o servercert.p12 -n "OpenLDAP Server"
This exports the CA cert for ldap clients
certutil -L -d . -n "CA certificate" -a > /etc/openldap/certs/cacert.pem
Make the files in here readable
chmod 644 *
Set the system to use LDAPS
sed -i 's/SLAPD_LDAPS=no/SLAPD_LDAPS=yes/g' /etc/sysconfig/ldap
Add a firewall exception in case the user has not configured their firewall properly
iptables -I INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 636 -j ACCEPT
/etc/init.d/iptables save
Restart slapd to make the changes take effect
/etc/init.d/slapd restart
I think you should notice that the private key password is "mypassword". Then you will get three files: cacert.p12, cacert.pem, servercert.p12. And, that's all.
2. Add SASL to OpenLDAP
OKay, we'll add SASL to our ldap connections.
Install cyrus-sasl package.
# yum install cyrus-sasl-gssapi